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| 1930 |
| | | Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil | |
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| 1938 |
| | | The peace of Buenos Aires, ending the Chaco War, gives Paraguay most of the region under dispute with Bolivia | |
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| 1945 |
| | | A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón | |
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| 1954 |
| | | The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, discovered in Buenos Aires, is kidnapped by Israeli agents | |
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| 1960 |
| | | The Brazilian government moves to Brasilia, into public buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer | |
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| 1964 |
| | | Senior officers in Brazil seize power, alleging the threat of an imminent communist takeover | |
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| 1979 |
| | | The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights | |
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| 1985 |
| | | Civilian rule is restored in Brazil after Tancredo Neves and Jose Sarney are elected president and vice-president | |
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